Bitcoin ownership distribution
Data as of November 1, 2026. Updated monthly.
Who owns bitcoin?
As of November 1, 2026, individuals hold about 13.79 million bitcoin, or 65.7% of the 21 million that will ever exist. Businesses hold 1.63 million (7.8%), funds and ETFs hold 1.50 million (7.2%), and governments hold about 442,000 (2.1%).
The rest is out of circulation or not yet created. River estimates 1.76 million bitcoin (8.4%) are lost. Satoshi Nakamoto’s coins account for about 968,000 (4.6%), and 895,000 (4.3%) are still to be mined.
Over the past year, businesses added about 252,000 bitcoin, the most of any group. Strategy (MSTR) accounted for about 209,000 of that.
Bitcoin ownership by group
| Group | Bitcoin held | Share of 21 million | Change over the past year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Governments | 442,478 | 2.1% | +12,638 |
| Funds & ETFs | 1,504,653 | 7.2% | +28,000 |
| Businesses | 1,634,018 | 7.8% | +251,723 |
| Individuals | 13,791,390 | 65.7% | −318,258 |
| Satoshi | 968,400 | 4.6% | — |
| Estimated bitcoin lost | 1,764,211 | 8.4% | — |
| To be mined | 894,850 | 4.3% | −164,336 |
| Total | 21,000,000 | 100% |
Largest holders
Governments
| Holder | Bitcoin held |
|---|---|
| United States | 328,372 |
| United Kingdom | 61,245 |
| United Arab Emirates | 20,703 |
| China | 15,000 |
| El Salvador | 7,822 |
| Norway | 7,161 |
Funds and ETFs
| Holder | Bitcoin held |
|---|---|
| iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) | 811,115 |
| Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund (FBTC) | 184,058 |
| Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) | 131,528 |
| Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust (BTC) | 62,874 |
| Bitwise Bitcoin ETF (BITB) | 38,189 |
| ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF (ARKB) | 35,026 |
Businesses
| Holder | Bitcoin held |
|---|---|
| Strategy (MSTR) | 849,327 |
| Block.one | 164,000 |
| Tether Holdings Limited | 100,000 |
| Metaplanet Inc. (MPJPY) | 44,000 |
| Twenty One Capital (XXI) | 43,514 |
| Strive (ASST) | 43,124 |
Methodology
Governments, funds and ETFs, and businesses. Based on publicly available data from Bitcointreasuries.net and River.
Individuals. What remains of the 21 million after every other group. It includes bitcoin people hold in self-custody and with exchanges or custodians. The wealth levels in the dashboard are River’s estimates of how many people hold each amount.
Satoshi. Based on BitMEX Research’s analysis of early mining patterns. It combines 740,750 bitcoin from 14,815 blocks mined by a single dominant miner with 227,650 from 4,553 blocks after August 2009 that match the pattern less strongly.
Estimated bitcoin lost. River’s estimate, grouped by how long since the coins last moved. Satoshi’s coins are counted separately.
To be mined. From bitcoin’s issuance schedule, which halves the reward for each new block about every four years. Halving years after 2024 are estimates.
All figures are for the 1st of each month, starting January 2009.
Sources
- River
- Bitcointreasuries.net: holdings of governments, funds, ETFs and companies.
- BitMEX Research, “Does Satoshi have a million bitcoin?” (2018): estimate of Satoshi’s coins.
Frequently asked questions
Who owns the most bitcoin?
As a group, individuals do: about 13.79 million bitcoin, or 65.7% of supply, as of November 1, 2026. The largest single holder is likely Satoshi Nakamoto, with an estimated 968,400 bitcoin. Strategy (MSTR) is the largest company holder with 849,327, and the iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) is the largest fund with 811,115.
How much bitcoin do governments own?
About 442,000 bitcoin, or 2.1% of supply. The United States holds the most, 328,372, followed by the United Kingdom (61,245) and the United Arab Emirates (20,703).
How much bitcoin do ETFs hold?
Funds and ETFs hold about 1.50 million bitcoin (7.2%). The iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) is the largest, with 811,115.
How much bitcoin is lost?
River estimates 1.76 million bitcoin, or 8.4% of supply, are lost. About 1.31 million of that is in coins that last moved more than 10 years ago.
How much bitcoin does Satoshi Nakamoto own?
An estimated 968,400 bitcoin, based on BitMEX Research’s analysis of the earliest mined blocks. These coins are counted separately from lost bitcoin.
How many bitcoin are left to mine?
894,850 as of November 1, 2026, or 4.3% of the 21 million. About 238,600 will be mined before the next halving, expected in 2028. The last bitcoin is expected to be mined around 2140.
How many people own at least one bitcoin?
River estimates about 825,000 people hold 1 bitcoin or more, roughly 1 in 10,000 people worldwide.
How often is this data updated?
Every month. Each update adds figures for the 1st of the month.